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Introduction

Install

Beforehand be sure to determine weather the web server will be using MySQL (ie. MariaDB) or PostgreSQL.

Begin by installing NGINX, PHP and other required utilities.

# pikaur -S apache-tools composer curl minify nginx php-fpm sassc wget

Install all of the required PHP extensions.

# pikaur -S php-gd php-geoip php-imagick php-intl php-memcache php-odbc php-sqlite php-sodium xdebug

Next create the environment for the web server.

# sudo mkdir -p /nginx/conf.d /nginx/https /nginx/logs /nginx/njs /nginx/sql /nginx/ssl /nginx/vhosts.d

# sudo chown -R http:http /nginx

# sudo chmod -R 770 /nginx

# sudo chmod 750 /nginx/sql

# sudo gpasswd -a username http

Set the default shell for http to Bash.

# sudo chsh http
New shell [/usr/bin/nologin]: /bin/bash

PostgreSQL

Using postgresql as a back-end will require the following setup and configuration.

# pikaur -S postgresql php-pgsql

# sudo chown postgres:postgres /nginx/sql

# sudo gpasswd -a username postgres

Swap over to the postgresql user account.

# sudo -iu postgres

Run the database initialization.

# initdb --locale en_US.UTF-8 -E UTF8 -D '/nginx/sql/data'

Return to the normal user account.

# exit

Modify the systemd service file to reflect the new data directory.

# sudo systemctl edit postgresql.service

filename: postgresql.service

Environment=PGROOT=/nginx/sql
PIDFile=/nginx/sql/postmaster.pid

Start and enable the systemd service.

# sudo systemctl enable --now postgresql.service

Swap back over to the postgresql user account.

# sudo -iu postgres

Create a new postgres user account.

# createuser -P --interactive
Enter name of role to add: username
Enter password for new role: ********
Enter it again: ********
Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) n
Shall the new role be allowed to create databases? (y/n) y
Shall the new role be allowed to create more new roles? (y/n) n

MariaDB

Using mariadb as a back-end will require the following setup and configuration.

# pikaur -S mariadb

# sudo chown mysql:mysql /nginx/sql

Give the current logged in user access.

# sudo gpasswd -a username mysql

Create and initialize the data directory.

# mariadb-install-db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/nginx/sql

# sudoedit /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf

filename: /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf

[mysqld]
datadir=/nginx/sql

Start and enable the MySQL service.

# sudo systemctl enable --now mariadb.service

Secure the installation and set the root password.

# sudo mysql_secure_installation

The default mysql root password is none

Connect to mysql using the root account and the password you previously set.

# sudo mysql -u root -p

Add a new mysql user account.

# MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'kyau'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'user_password' WITH GRANT OPTION;

Configuration

PHP

First remove the default pool.

# sudo rm /etc/php/php-fpm.d/www.conf

Create the defaults for all pools.

# sudoedit /etc/php/php-fpm.d/defaults.inc

filename: /etc/php/php-fpm.d/defaults.inc

user = http
group = http
listen = /run/php-fpm/php-fpm-$pool.sock
listen.owner = http
listen.group = http
; process configuration
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3
; php.ini changes
php_admin_flag[expose_php] = off
php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
php_admin_flag[short_open_tag] = on
php_admin_value[date.timezone] = America/Los_Angeles
php_admin_value[error_log] = /nginx/logs/$pool/php.log
php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 256M
php_admin_value[post_max_size] = 2048M
php_admin_value[session.save_path] = /tmp
php_admin_value[upload_max_filesize] = 2048M

Enable all third party PHP extensions that were installed.

# sudo find . -type f -name '*.ini' -exec sed -i -e 's/^;extension/extension/g' \
-e 's/^;zend_extension/zend_extension/g' -e 's/^;xdebug/xdebug/g' {} +

Enable global PHP extensions.

# sudoedit /etc/php/conf.d/defaults.ini

filename: /etc/php/conf.d/defaults.ini

extension=bz2
extension=exif
extension=gd
extension=gettext
extension=gmp
extension=iconv
extension=intl
extension=sodium
extension=mysqli
extension=odbc
extension=pdo_mysql
extension=pdo_odbc
extension=pdo_sqlite
extension=sockets
extension=sqlite3
; opcache
zend_extension=opcache
opcache.enable = 1
opcache.interned_strings_buffer = 8
opcache.max_accelerated_files = 10000
opcache.memory_consumption = 128
opcache.save_comments = 1
opcache.revalidate_freq = 1

Create a php-fpm pool for the domain being setup (use a different pool for each site/domain).

# sudoedit /etc/php/php-fpm.d/domain_com.conf

filename: /etc/php/php-fpm.d/domain_com.conf

; $KYAULabs: domain_com.conf,v 1.0.0 2021/05/01 12:36:14 kyau Exp $

[domain_com]
include = /etc/php/php-fpm.d/defaults.inc
env[HOSTNAME] = domain.com
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp

; vim: ft=dosini sts=4 sw=4 ts=4 noet :

One can temporarily disable sites/domains by renaming the config to .conf.disable and reloading the php-fpm service

Be sure to set the file permissions properly.

# sudo chmod 644 /etc/php/conf.d/defaults.ini /etc/php/php-fpm.d/*

Start and enable the php-fpm service.

# sudo systemctl enable --now php-fpm.service

NGINX

Create a blank configuration file.

# sudo install -g http -m 660 -o http /dev/null /nginx/conf.d/nginx.conf

Copy the MIME types file.

# sudo install -g http -m 660 -o http /etc/nginx/mime.types /nginx/conf.d/mime.types

Remove the default config in nginx.conf and replace it with an include (to the new config location).

# sudoedit /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

filename: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

include /nginx/conf.d/nginx.conf;

Create the nginx config file.

# sudoedit /nginx/conf.d/nginx.conf

filename: /nginx/conf.d/nginx.conf

# $KYAULabs: nginx.conf,v 1.1.7 2021/05/03 18:14:27 kyau Exp $

# Help / Additional Info {{{ # always test configuration before reload! # $ sudo nginx -t # reload the configuration by using reload not restart! # $ sudo systemctl reload nginx # https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/ # }}}

# enables the use of “just-in-time compilation” for the regular expressions # known by the time of configuration parsing pcre_jit on; # user and group credentials used by worker processes user http http; # number of worker processes (auto will autodetect number of CPU cores) worker_processes auto; # binds worker processes automatically to available CPUs worker_cpu_affinity auto; # number of file descriptors used for nginx worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events { # worker process will accept one/all (off/on) connection(s) at a time multi_accept on; # maximum number of simultaneous connections that can be opened by a worker worker_connections 4096; }

http { # mime types include /nginx/conf.d/mime.types; # to boost I/O on HDD we can disable access logs access_log off; # read and send using multi-threading, without blocking a worker process aio threads; # hide index pages autoindex off; # add to 'Content-Type' response header charset utf-8; # request timed out -- default 60 client_body_timeout 10; # sets the maximum allowed size of the client request body -- default 1 client_max_body_size 16m; # default mime type default_type text/plain; # enable gzipping of responses gzip on; # disables gzipping of responses for msie6 and below gzip_disable "msie6"; # minimum length of a response that will be gzipped -- default 20 gzip_min_length 1024; # gzip compression level -- default 1 gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_vary on; gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth; # text/html is always compressed gzip_types text/css text/javascript text/xml text/x-component application/javascript application/x-javascript application/json application/xml application/rss+xml application/atom+xml font/truetype font/opentype application/vnd.ms-fontobject image/svg+xml; # files that will be used as an index, checked in the specified order index index.php index.html index.htm index.txt; # set the global path for njs js_path "/nginx/njs"; # import the variables njs module js_import variables.js; # enables keep-alive connections with all browsers keepalive_disable none; # keep-alive client connections stay active for -- default 75 keepalive_timeout 30s; # specifies log format log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent ' '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; # disables logging of errors about not found files into error_log log_not_found off; # cache open file descriptors, directories and file lookup errors open_file_cache max=10240 inactive=20s; open_file_cache_valid 30s; open_file_cache_min_uses 2; open_file_cache_errors on; # allow the server to close connection on non responding client, this will # free up memory reset_timedout_connection on; # if client stops responding, free up memory -- default 60 send_timeout 8; # copies data between one FD and other from within the kernel faster than # read() + write() sendfile on; # bucket size for the server names hash tables server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; # disables emitting nginx version on error pages and in the "server" # response header field server_tokens off; # send headers in one piece, it is better than sending them one by one tcp_nopush on; # don't buffer data sent, good for small data bursts in real time tcp_nodelay on; # hash table maximum size -- default 1024 types_hash_max_size 4096;

# redirect all non-encrypted (http) traffic to encrypted (https) server { server_name _; listen *:80 default_server; listen [::]:80 default_server; return 301 https://$host$request_uri; }

# include domain configuration files include /nginx/vhosts.d/*.conf; }

# vim: ft=nginx sts=4 sw=4 ts=4 noet :

Create a vhost defaults config.

# sudoedit /nginx/conf.d/vhost_defaults

filename: /nginx/conf.d/vhost_defaults

# $KYAULabs: vhost_defaults,v 1.0.6 2021/05/05 05:22:38 kyau Exp $

js_set $domain njs_domain($server_name); js_set $pdomain nfs_pdomain($domain); js_set $subdomain njs_subdomain($server_name);

access_log /nginx/logs/$pdomain/$subdomain-access.log; error_log /nginx/logs/$pdomain/$subdomain-error.log;

ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/$domain/fullchain.pem; ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/$domain/privkey.pem; ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/$domain/chain.pem;

include /nginx/conf.d/ssl.conf;

# security settings
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;
add_header X-Frame-Options DENY;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";

root /nginx/https/$domain/$subdomain;

# vim: ft=nginx sts=4 sw=4 ts=4 noet :

Create a URI defaults config.

# sudoedit /nginx/conf.d/uri_defaults

filename: /nginx/conf.d/uri_defaults

# $KYAULabs: uri_defaults,v 1.0.2 2021/05/05 17:55:10 kyau Exp $

# remove `robots.txt` and all favicons from the logs location ~* "^/(favicon\.\S{3,5}|robots\.txt)$" { access_log off; allow all; log_not_found off; }

# disable dot (hidden) files while allowing `.well-known` location ~* /\.(?!well-known).* { access_log off; deny all; log_not_found off; }

# deny access to any sensitive material location ~* (?:#.*#|\.(?:bak|conf|dist|fla|in[ci]|log|orig|phps|psd|sass|scss|sh|sql|sw[op])|~)$ { access_log on; deny all; log_not_found on; }

# asset/media cache location ~* \.(?:css(\.map)?|js(\.map)?|jpe?g|png|gif|ico|cur|heic|webp|tiff?|mp3|m4a|aac|ogg|midi?|wav|mp4|mov|webm|mpe?g|avi|ogv|flv|wmv)$ { access_log off; expires 7d; }

# fonts/svg cache and access location ~* \.(?:svgz?|ttf|ttc|otf|eot|woff2?)$ { access_log off; add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"; expires 7d; }

# html processing location ~* \.html$ { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html =404; }

# php scripts location ~* [^/]\.php(/|$) { try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404; include /nginx/conf.d/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_buffers 8 16k; fastcgi_buffer_size 32k; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$; fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/php-fpm-$pdomain.sock; }

# http error pages error_page 404 /404; error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x; location /404 { root /nginx/https/error; index 404.php; } location /50x { root /nginx/https/error; index 50x.php;

}

# vim: ft=nginx sts=4 sw=4 ts=4 noet :

Create the variables njs script.

# sudoedit /nginx/njs/variables.js

filename: /nginx/njs/variables.js

FastCGI

Create a fastcgi_params config file (PHP environmental variable defaults).

# sudoedit /nginx/conf.d/fastcgi_params

filename: /nginx/conf.d/fastcgi_params

# $KYAULabs: fastcgi_params,v 1.0.5 2021/05/03 17:31:37 kyau Exp $

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $request_filename;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_SCHEME $scheme;
fastcgi_param HTTPS $https if_not_empty;

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
#fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

# Mitigate https://httpoxy.org/ vulnerabilities
fastcgi_param HTTP_PROXY "";

# vim: ft=nginx sts=4 sw=4 ts=4 noet :

SSL/TLS

Create an SSL config file (SSL/TLS hardening/defaults).

# sudoedit /nginx/conf.d/ssl.conf

filename: /nginx/conf.d/ssl.conf

# $KYAULabs: ssl.conf,v 1.0.3 2021/05/03 18:00:56 kyau Exp $

## SSL/TLS (https://cipherlist.dev/)
ssl_dhparam /nginx/ssl/dhparam4096.pem; # openssl dhparam -out dhparam4096.pem 4096
ssl_protocols TLSv1.3; # Requires nginx >= 1.13.0
ssl_ciphers EECDH+CHACHA20:EECDH+AES;
ssl_ecdh_curve X25519; # Requires nginx >= 1.1.0
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_tickets off; # Requires nginx >= 1.5.9
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_stapling on; # Requires nginx >= 1.3.7
ssl_stapling_verify on; # Requires nginx >= 1.3.7
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
resolver 1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1 [2606:4700:4700::1111] [2606:4700:4700::1001] valid=60s; # Change if you run your own DNS servers
resolver_timeout 2s;

# vim: ft=nginx sts=4 sw=4 ts=4 noet :

Create the dhparam as indicated above.

# sudo -u http openssl dhparam -out /nginx/ssl/dhparam4096.pem 4096

Set permissions properly.

# sudo chmod 660 /nginx/ssl/dhparam4096.pem

Virtual Hosts

Virtual Hosts are created in domain config files keeping all subdomains in a single file. The following template can be used, simply replace domain_com and domain.com with the actual domain name.

# sudoedit /nginx/vhosts.d/domain_com.conf

filename: /nginx/vhosts.d/domain_com.conf

# $KYAULabs: domain_com.conf,v 1.1.5 2021/05/05 18:06:34 kyau Exp $

## api.domain.com

server { listen *:443 ssl http2; listen [::]:443 ssl http2; server_name api.domain.com;

include /nginx/conf.d/vhost_defaults;

location / { try_files $uri $uri/ @rewrite; }

location @rewrite { #rewrite ^/directory/$ /script.php?x=directory last; }

#location ^~ /app/ { #proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/; #proxy_http_version 1.1; #proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade"; #proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; # by defaults nginx times out connections in one minute #proxy_read_timeout 1d; }

include /nginx/conf.d/uri_defaults; }

# vim: ft=nginx sts=4 sw=4 ts=4 noet :

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